Heat oven to 375°F. Lightly oil a 9×13-inch baking dish.
Boil shells in salted water until very al dente, 1–2 minutes shy of package time. Drain and rinse to cool.
Warm olive oil in a small skillet over medium heat. Cook garlic until fragrant, about 30 seconds, then cool slightly.
Stir together ricotta, 2 cups mozzarella, Parmesan, squeezed-dry spinach, Italian seasoning, red pepper, salt, pepper, and half the basil. Fold in the cooled garlic.
Spread about 1½ cups marinara over the bottom of the baking dish.
Fill each shell with a heaping spoonful of the cheese mixture. Nestle stuffed shells into the sauced dish.
Spoon remaining marinara over shells and sprinkle the ½ cup mozzarella on top. Cover the dish tightly with foil.
Bake 20 minutes covered. Uncover and bake 10–15 minutes more until bubbly and lightly browned. Broil 1–2 minutes if you like extra color.
Rest 5 minutes. Scatter remaining basil over the top and serve warm.