Warm the olive oil in a large pot over medium heat.
Sauté onion, carrots, and celery with a pinch of the salt until softened, about 5 minutes.
Stir in garlic, ginger, turmeric, and pepper. Cook until fragrant, 30 to 45 seconds.
Add the chicken and thyme. Cook, stirring, until the chicken is opaque on the outside, 3 to 4 minutes.
Pour in the broth. Bring to a boil, then lower to a gentle simmer.
Simmer uncovered until the chicken is tender and flavors meld, 15 to 18 minutes. Skim foam if needed.
Stir in the egg noodles. Simmer until just tender, 6 to 8 minutes.
Finish with lemon juice and parsley. Season with the remaining salt to taste.
Ladle into warm bowls and serve hot.