Heat oven to 375°F. Grease a 9×13-inch baking dish.
Warm olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Brown the ground beef, breaking it up; drain any excess fat.
Stir in onion and cook until softened, 3–4 minutes. Add garlic and cook 30 seconds.
Add cabbage and cook, stirring, until wilted and tender, 6–8 minutes.
Season with Worcestershire, salt, pepper, caraway, and mustard. Taste and adjust seasoning.
Unroll half the crescent dough. Press seams together and fit into the dish to cover the bottom and slightly up the sides.
Par-bake the bottom crust 6–7 minutes until just set. Remove from oven.
Spread the beef-cabbage mixture evenly over the crust. Sprinkle cheddar on top.
Lay remaining dough over the cheese. Pinch seams and edges to seal.
Brush the top with melted butter. Bake 20–25 minutes until deep golden and bubbling.
Rest 10 minutes before slicing. Serve warm.