Heat the oven to 350°F. Line an 8×8-inch metal pan with parchment, leaving a little overhang on two sides for easy lifting.
In a small bowl, whisk together the flour, salt, and baking powder. Set aside.
Place the butter and chopped white chocolate in a small saucepan over the lowest heat. Stir constantly until melted and smooth, then remove from heat and let cool 3–5 minutes.
In a large mixing bowl, rub the lemon zest into the granulated sugar with your fingertips until the sugar is fragrant and slightly damp.
Whisk the eggs and egg yolk into the lemon sugar for about 1 minute until slightly lighter in color. Whisk in the vanilla and lemon extract.
Slowly stream the lukewarm white-chocolate mixture into the egg mixture, whisking constantly until glossy and combined.
Switch to a spatula. Fold in the dry ingredients in two additions just until no dry streaks remain. Gently stir in the sour cream and then the lemon juice until evenly incorporated; do not overmix.
Scrape the thick batter into the prepared pan and smooth the top. Tap the pan once on the counter to release large air bubbles.
Bake 24–28 minutes (about 27 minutes is typical) until the edges are lightly golden and a toothpick in the center comes out with just a few moist crumbs. Cool completely in the pan on a rack.
For the glaze, whisk the confectioners' sugar with the lemon juice and 1 teaspoon of the milk. Add the remaining milk as needed to reach a thick-but-pourable consistency.
Spread the glaze over the cooled brownies and let it set for 20–30 minutes. Lift out using the parchment and cut into 9 squares.