Position a rack in the lower third of the oven and heat to 400°F (205°C). Set a rimmed baking sheet or pizza stone on the rack to preheat.
In a bowl, mix the ricotta, Parmesan, dried oregano (reserve a small pinch for topping), and garlic powder until smooth. Refrigerate for 5 minutes to slightly firm the filling.
Divide the dough into two equal pieces. On a lightly floured surface, stretch each piece into an oval about 9×6 inches. Transfer the ovals to a sheet of parchment for easy moving.
Assemble each calzone: On one half of each dough oval, scatter a thin layer of mozzarella, spoon on half the ricotta mixture, arrange pepperoni over the top, then finish with the remaining mozzarella. Leave a 3/4-inch border clean all around the edges.
Lightly moisten the clean edges with water, fold the dough over the filling, and press to seal. Crimp with a fork for a tight closure and cut two small slits on top to vent steam.
Brush the tops with olive oil and sprinkle the reserved pinch of oregano over each.
Slide the parchment with the calzones onto the preheated sheet/stone. Bake on the lower rack for 14 minutes, rotate the parchment for even browning, then move to the upper rack and bake 6–8 minutes more, until deeply golden and crisp.
Rest 5 minutes before cutting. Serve hot, with warm marinara for dipping if you like.