Heat oven to 350°F. Line two baking sheets with parchment.
Whisk flour, baking soda, salt, ginger, cinnamon, and cloves in a bowl.
Cream butter, granulated sugar, and brown sugar until light and fluffy, about 2 minutes.
Beat in molasses, vanilla, and the beaten egg until smooth and glossy.
Stir dry ingredients into the butter mixture just until a soft dough forms.
Scoop 1-teaspoon portions, roll into small balls, then coat lightly in the extra sugar.
Arrange 2 inches apart on sheets. Bake 8–9 minutes until edges set and centers puffed.
Cool on the sheet 5 minutes, then move to a rack to finish cooling. Repeat with remaining dough.