Preheat oven to 350°F. Line two baking sheets with parchment.
Whisk flour, baking soda, salt, ginger, cinnamon, cloves, and nutmeg in a bowl.
Cream butter with brown sugar and granulated sugar until light and fluffy.
Beat in egg, molasses, and vanilla until smooth and glossy.
Fold dry ingredients into wet just until a soft dough forms.
Chill dough 15–20 minutes if sticky to help prevent spreading.
Scoop 1½-tablespoon portions. Roll in sugar and space 2 inches apart on sheets.
Bake 9–11 minutes, until edges set and tops are crackly. Do not overbake.
Cool 5 minutes on sheet, then transfer to a rack to cool completely.