Whisk flour, cornmeal, baking powder, sugar, salt, pepper, paprika, and garlic powder in a large bowl.
Beat eggs with buttermilk in a measuring cup until smooth.
Pour the egg mixture into the dry ingredients and stir just until a thick batter forms.
Fold in corn, scallions, herbs, and cheddar if using. Do not overmix.
Heat about 1/4 inch of oil in a large skillet over medium to medium-high heat until shimmering.
Drop heaping tablespoons of batter into the pan, flatten gently, and cook 2–3 minutes per side until deep golden.
Transfer fritters to a paper towel–lined plate and sprinkle with a pinch of salt.
Serve hot with sour cream, hot honey, or your favorite dipping sauce.