Heat the oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat.
Sear the cubed tofu until golden on most sides, 5–7 minutes. Transfer to a plate.
Add onion, carrots, and bell pepper to the pan. Cook until slightly tender, about 4 minutes.
Stir in garlic and ginger. Cook until fragrant, about 30 seconds.
Mix in the red curry paste and toast it briefly, 30–45 seconds.
Pour in coconut milk and broth. Whisk in peanut butter, soy sauce, and brown sugar until smooth.
Bring to a gentle simmer and cook, stirring occasionally, until slightly thickened, 6–8 minutes.
Return the tofu to the pan and warm through for 2–3 minutes.
Stir in lime juice. Season with salt and pepper to taste.
Serve over warm jasmine rice. Top with cilantro and chopped peanuts.