Preheat oven to 350°F. Grease and line a 9-inch round cake pan.
Whisk flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt in a bowl.
Beat butter and sugar until pale and fluffy, 2 to 3 minutes.
Add eggs one at a time. Mix in lemon zest and vanilla.
Stir yogurt, milk, and lemon juice together in a small bowl.
Add dry ingredients to the butter mixture in two additions, alternating with the yogurt mixture.
Toss blueberries with 1 tablespoon flour. Fold into the batter gently.
Spread batter in the pan and smooth the top.
Bake 40 to 45 minutes, until a toothpick comes out clean.
Cool 15 minutes in the pan. Turn out and cool completely.