Melt the chopped chocolate and butter in a heatproof bowl set over a pot of simmering water, stirring until smooth. Remove from heat and let cool slightly.
In a separate bowl, whisk the egg yolks and add to the chocolate mixture.
In another bowl, beat heavy cream with vanilla extract until soft peaks form. Set aside.
In a clean bowl, beat egg whites with a pinch of salt until foamy. Gradually add sugar and beat until stiff peaks form.
Fold the egg whites into the chocolate mixture gently, then fold in the whipped cream. Be careful not to deflate the mixture.
Spoon the mousse into individual serving dishes and refrigerate for at least 1 hour before serving.
Notes
For a decorative touch, garnish with shaved chocolate or fresh berries just before serving.