Warm 1 tbsp oil and the butter in a large skillet over medium-low heat.
Add onions, salt, and sugar. Cook, stirring often, until deep golden, 22–28 minutes.
Splash in balsamic. Stir to deglaze, then scrape onions to a plate to cool slightly.
Add remaining 0.5 tbsp oil to the skillet. Sauté garlic and red pepper 30 seconds.
Wilt spinach in the pan, 2–3 minutes. Transfer to a bowl and let cool briefly.
Heat oven to 400°F. Line a sheet pan with parchment and lightly oil it.
Dust counter with flour. Roll dough into a roughly 12x16-inch rectangle.
Brush dough lightly with any onion pan juices. Sprinkle evenly with Italian seasoning.
Scatter mozzarella over dough. Top with onions, then spinach. Sprinkle Parmesan.
Leave a 1-inch bare edge on one long side. Roll up tightly from the opposite side.
Pinch seam to seal. Chill the log 10 minutes in the freezer for cleaner slices.
Slice into 12 pieces. Arrange cut side up on the prepared pan, spaced slightly.
Bake until puffed and golden, 18–22 minutes. Cool 5 minutes on the pan.
Warm marinara in a small saucepan. Serve rolls hot with sauce for dipping.
Notes
Swap in crumbled feta for part of the mozzarella, or add a handful of sliced olives. To make ahead, assemble and slice, then refrigerate on a tray up to 12 hours; bake straight from cold, adding 2–3 minutes. Leftovers reheat well at 350°F for 8–10 minutes, or freeze up to 1 month.This recipe is an original creation inspired by classic Easy Caramelized Onion Spinach Pizza Rolls flavors. All ingredient ratios and instructions are independently developed.