Heat oven to 425°F. Line a rimmed sheet pan with foil and set a rack on top.
Pat pork chops very dry with paper towels to help browning.
Stir brown sugar, paprika, garlic powder, onion powder, thyme, salt, pepper, and cayenne in a small bowl.
Rub chops with olive oil, then coat all sides evenly with the spice mixture.
Arrange chops on the rack and bake until the center reaches 145°F, about 16 to 18 minutes.
Broil 1 to 2 minutes for extra color if desired.
Rest the chops 5 minutes before serving so the juices settle.