Heat the oven to 375°F and lightly coat a 9×13-inch baking dish with cooking spray.
Poach the chicken: Bring the chicken broth to a gentle simmer in a medium pot. Stir in poultry seasoning, 1/2 teaspoon salt, and black pepper. Slide in the chicken breasts and simmer (do not boil hard) for 12–15 minutes, or until the centers reach 165°F. Transfer chicken to a board and tent with foil to rest.
Par-cook the potatoes: Return the broth to a boil and add the diced potatoes. Simmer 6–7 minutes until just fork-tender but not fully cooked. Drain well, reserving 1/2 cup of the broth. Spread potatoes on a towel-lined tray to steam off excess moisture.
Mix the topping: Stir the panko with melted butter until the crumbs look evenly moistened and sandy; set aside.
Make the creamy base: In a large bowl, whisk together the cream of chicken soup, cream of potato soup, sour cream, garlic powder, Dijon, and 1/4–1/2 cup reserved broth until smooth and spoonable. Fold in the frozen mixed vegetables and 1 1/4 cups of the cheese. Taste and add a pinch more salt if needed, keeping in mind the cheeses and soups are salty.
Chop the rested chicken into 3/4-inch pieces. Gently fold the chicken and drained potatoes into the creamy mixture until evenly coated. Scrape into the prepared baking dish and level the top.
Cover tightly with foil and bake for 25–30 minutes, until the edges are bubbling.
Uncover, sprinkle on the remaining 1/2 cup cheese, then scatter the buttery panko evenly over the surface. Bake 10–12 minutes more until golden. For extra color, broil 1–2 minutes, watching closely.
Let the casserole rest 10 minutes before serving so the sauce sets and slices cleanly.