Heat the oven to 475°F and place a rack in the center. Set a 12-inch oven-safe skillet on the stove.
Brown the ground beef in the dry skillet over medium-high heat, breaking it into small crumbles, 5–6 minutes.
Stir in onion and cook until softened, about 3 minutes. Add garlic and cook 30 seconds until fragrant.
Mix in ketchup, mustard, Worcestershire, 1/2 tsp salt, and pepper. Simmer 1–2 minutes until slightly thickened. Transfer mixture to a bowl.
Lightly wipe the skillet. Add olive oil and swirl to coat the bottom and sides.
Stretch or roll the dough to a 12-inch round. Press it into the oiled skillet and up the sides. Sprinkle remaining 1/4 tsp salt over the dough.
Scatter half the mozzarella and half the cheddar over the dough. Spoon the warm beef mixture evenly on top.
Top with remaining cheeses and half the chopped pickles.
Bake until the crust is deep golden and cheese is bubbling, 12–15 minutes.
Brush the crust with melted butter and sprinkle with sesame seeds. Let rest 5 minutes.
Finish with lettuce, tomato, and remaining pickles. Drizzle with mayonnaise if you like. Slice and serve hot.