Prep all vegetables; peel and cube the squash.
Warm olive oil in a large pot over medium heat.
Sauté onion, carrot, and bell pepper with a pinch of salt until softened.
Stir in garlic and jalapeño; cook until fragrant, about 30 seconds.
Mix in chili powder, cumin, paprika, oregano, cinnamon, and tomato paste; toast 1 minute.
Add squash, diced tomatoes, and broth; scrape pot and stir well.
Bring to a boil, then lower heat; simmer uncovered 20 minutes.
Stir in beans and corn; simmer until squash is tender, 10 to 15 minutes.
Finish with lime juice, cilantro, salt, and pepper; adjust seasoning.
Let rest 5 minutes before serving hot.